The Roman empire. Augustus and the imperial settlement ; Tiberius ; Gaius (Caligula) ; Claudius ; Nero ; Vespasian ; Domitian. -- The papyri. Preparation and use of papyrus ; Form and style of letter-writing in the papyri ; Magical and religious papyri ; Papyri illustrating social and economic conditions. -- Inscriptions. The Gallio inscription at Delphi ; Synagogue inscriptions ; Sacral manumission. -- The philosophers. Heraclitus and the logos ; Plato: the philosopher's mission and the doctrine of ideas ; The earlier Stoics ; Stoic ethics ; Epicurus ; The philosophic missionary. -- The hermetic literature. -- Mystery religions. The myth ; Initiation ; Worship. --

Jewish history. The Maccabean period ; The high priests ; Herod the Great ; The procurators ; Pharisees, Sadducees, and Essenes ; The Jewish War of A.D. 66-70 ; The revolt of A.D. 132-5 ; The dispersion. -- Rabbinic literature and Rabbinic Judaism. The rabbis ; The literature ; The law ; Feasts and festivals ; The synagogue ; Haber and 'Am ha-'aretz' ; Proselytes ; Heretics ; Theology ; Judicial procedure. -- Philo. Philo's faithfulness to the law ; His philosophical eclecticism ; The allegorical method ; Etymological arguments ; Philo's doctrine of the logos and other intermediate beings ; Philo's own religion and ethics. -- Josephus. Biographical materials ; Josephus on John the Baptist, Jesus Christ, and James ; Josephus at Apologist ; The Slavonic Josephus. -- The Septuagint. The traditional origin of the Septuagint ; Selections from the Septuagint. -- Apocalyptic. The literary forms of Apocalyptic ; The essential notions of Apocalyptic. -- Appendix: Jewish sectarian documents